In emergency medicine, care is often divided into two levels: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS). Both are essential for saving lives, but they serve different purposes depending on the patient’s condition and the skills of the provider.

Basic Life Support focuses on the most fundamental lifesaving interventions. It teaches the basic skills designed to keep oxygen and blood flowing until more advanced medical care can take over. BLS is the universal starting point that is taught to healthcare providers, first responders, and even non-medical professionals who may encounter emergencies.

Advanced Life Support builds on BLS with more sophisticated interventions. Providers trained in ALS, such as paramedics, emergency nurses, and physicians, are equipped to stabilize patients in life-threatening situations such as cardiac arrest, stroke, or major trauma, often in the pre-hospital setting.

It’s important to note that these terms, ALS and BLS, also describe ambulance service levels. A BLS ambulance is typically staffed by EMTs who provide foundational, non-invasive care, while an ALS ambulance carries paramedics who can deliver advanced interventions on the way to the hospital. In other words, the certifications healthcare providers earn directly determine the scope of care available in the back of an ambulance.

ALS vs BLS Comparison

The distinction between Basic Life Support and Advanced Life Support primarily hinges on the skills of the providers, the interventions performed, and the type of patient each service is designed to support.

	Basic Life Support	Advanced Life Support
Patient & Skills Coverage	CPR AED use Basic airway maintenance Non-critical patient transport	Cardiac rhythm interpretation (ECG) IV/IO access & medication administration Advanced airway procedures & defibrillation Complex patient care during transport
Who Provides Care	EMTs, basic providers, first responders	Paramedics, ER nurses, critical care teams
When to Deploy	Stable patients with no immediate threat to life Airway, breathing, and circulation intact Conscious patients with low-acuity issues Transport to/from medical appointments or between facilities	Cardiac arrest or life-threatening emergencies Unstable vitals or severe trauma Need for advanced airway management Patients requiring medications or advanced monitoring

ALS Ambulances vs. BLS Ambulances

BLS: Transport for Basic Patient Care
BLS ambulances are staffed by EMTs and are intended for patients who are stable or need routine transport. Lower extremity fractures, individuals being transferred to sub-acute care facilities, psychiatric patients, and those discharged to home care are all cases that would be acceptable in a BLS ambulance.

These crews are not permitted to perform invasive procedures such as giving injections, administering medications, starting IV lines, or conducting cardiac monitoring. The ambulances are “basic” because they provide safe, non-invasive support until definitive care is available.

ALS: Advanced Care for Critical Patients
ALS ambulances, staffed by emergency medical personnel such as paramedics and EMTs, are designed for high-acuity patients who require close monitoring and advanced interventions. They carry equipment for airway support, cardiac life support, glucose testing, and a broad range of medications.

ALS crews are authorized to perform invasive procedures, including IV therapy, cardiac monitoring, and medication administration, to stabilize patients en route to a trauma center or hospital. Patients requiring ALS transport may be on chronic ventilators, need continuous IV drips, or require active cardiac monitoring while they are being transported to a hospital.

Certification Paths: BLS vs ALS

The training required for staff in BLS and ALS ambulances follows a natural progression. Basic Life Support certification is the foundation, and Advanced Life Support (ALS/ACLS) certification builds directly on those core skills.

BLS Certification
Every emergency provider begins here. BLS certification teaches high-quality CPR, the use of automated external defibrillators, basic airway management, and first aid skills. These abilities are essential for keeping patients alive and stable until advanced care arrives. In the ambulance setting, EMTs who hold BLS certification typically staff BLS units, where they care for stable patients or provide initial support in emergencies.

ALS Certification
Once BLS is mastered, providers can advance to ALS training, which is often referred to as Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) in hospital settings. This training builds on the basics with advanced pharmacology, cardiac rhythm interpretation, intravenous access, advanced airway management, and coordinated code response.

The terms ALS and ACLS are often used interchangeably, but there is a distinction:

• ALS refers to the level of emergency care provided in pre-hospital and transport settings, such as on an ambulance.
• ACLS is a specific certification course that prepares healthcare providers to respond to cardiac emergencies with advanced interventions.

An ACLS certification equips providers with the advanced skills needed to deliver ALS care. Paramedics, critical care nurses, and other advanced providers use these skills to staff ALS ambulances and manage high-acuity emergencies on the way to the hospital. AMC offers ACLS certification so that healthcare professionals are fully prepared to handle critical emergencies in both hospital and pre-hospital settings.

Certification paths are designed this way to ensure that the right provider is matched with the right ambulance service level. BLS-trained EMTs bring the universal skills needed for immediate stabilization, while ALS-trained providers bring advanced tools and interventions for the most critical cases. Together, they form the backbone of EMS systems, ensuring patients get the right care at the right time.

Common Questions Asked About ALS vs BLS

What is the difference between BLS and ALS?

Basic Life Support provides essential, non-invasive care such as CPR, chest compressions, AED use, and basic airway management. Advanced Life Support includes all of those skills but adds invasive procedures, medication administration, and advanced monitoring for critically ill or unstable patients.

What can ALS do that BLS can’t?

ALS-trained providers can perform advanced airway management (including intubation), interpret and monitor heart rhythms with an ECG, defibrillate with manual equipment, and administer IV or IO medications. These interventions can stabilize patients in cardiac arrest, respiratory failure, severe trauma, or other life-threatening emergencies—capabilities beyond the BLS scope.

Is ALS the same as paramedic?

Not exactly. ALS refers to the level of care delivered, while paramedics are the providers trained and authorized to deliver it. In most EMS systems, paramedics are the professionals staffing ALS ambulances, but ALS may also be provided by other advanced clinicians in certain settings (like ER nurses or physicians).

Does ALS training include CPR?

No. ALS assumes you already have BLS/CPR skills. BLS certification is always the prerequisite because you can’t move to advanced airway or pharmacology until you’ve mastered the basics.

Can BLS providers ever move into ALS roles?

Absolutely. Many EMTs start with BLS, gain field experience, and then pursue paramedic training or other advanced certifications. This path opens the door to ALS ambulance roles and higher levels of patient care responsibility.

BLS and ALS: The Backbone of Emergency Medicine

Basic Life Support and Advanced Life Support make up the very structure of ambulance services and emergency response systems. BLS-trained EMTs provide the essential foundation for stabilizing patients. ALS-trained providers, often paramedics, extend that care with advanced skills for critically ill or unstable patients. This system works because providers advance through a clear certification path: BLS first, then ALS.

Start your BLS certification today and build the skills every healthcare provider needs, or advance to ACLS certification to prepare for the most complex, life-saving interventions.